Feb 7th 2012, 23:11 by Bagehot
A QUICK link to an interview I recorded with Andrew Marr of the BBC for The Economist late last week, about his new biography of Queen Elizabeth II. A one-time republican, Mr Marr is an admirer of her 60 years on the throne, and in interesting ways.
He comes close to describing the queen as a symbol of egalitarianism, and though that may sound odd it is possible to see what he is getting at. In his book he talks about the humility of the hereditary principle. Precisely because the Queen cannot claim to hold her position through some meritocratic scramble, she is humble, and not swaggering, he suggests.
Mr Marr spent the best part of a year, on and off, watching the Queen travel to small towns and cities across Britain, meeting volunteers, charity workers, public servants and business people who he thinks are rather despised by the "London power elite". You may or may not agree, but take a listen if you have a few minutes to spare.
Mr Marr (a former Bagehot, many years ago, in the interests of full disclosure) knows more than most about the London power elite, having a standing invitation to any of their gatherings as the BBC's star interviewer. Yet he is strikingly tough on the current structure of British society, and the way that cronyism and networking undercuts claims that Britain is a proper meritocracy. Social mobility has gone backwards in the past 30 years, he argues, it has not advanced.
In a moment of journalistic cheek, I felt I should ask him about his trenchant conclusion in the book that the Queen has been wise never to grant an interview. Symbols should be silent, he writes at one point. So what if you were offered an interview with her, I asked? He admitted it would be an internal tussle: the journalist in him would want to take it, while the constitutionalist in him would regret that she had offered one. But not that much of a tussle, he finally concedes. In the end, the journalist would probably be jumping around while the distraught constitutionalist was left "slumped in the corner".
In this blog, our Bagehot columnist surveys the politics of Britain, British life and Britain's place in the world. The column and blog are named after Walter Bagehot, an English journalist who was the editor of The Economist from 1861 to 1877
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In a moment of journalistic cheek you should have had the guts to ask Andrew Marr about the super injuction he got out when he was caught with his pants down.
There is no large group that would prefer to do away with the Monarch, and those that do often sound pompous.
Republics are expensive, and the politics repulsive. One only has to look at the US, Russia or France right now to see just how repulsive.
What we have in the UK may not be perfect, but it works. We have had the referendum on whether to keep first past the post, and we kept it. Living in a republic will not make me richer, will not make me healthier, so what is the point if there are no real benefits.
The idea of a monarch is not to be aloof, but to be human and show humility to the people of the
world. Monarchs are not gods, even though people treat them like gods sometimes. Alas, they are not..
They succeed, they fail like all people everywhere. But, there is so much to learn from them. They constitute
so much experience in politics, in social affairs, in every human endeavor. A good monarch is a first
rate educator of his people, who else has his reach? Who has this kind of immediate influence?
A monarch can unite his/her people, and can do the opposite with a careless move.
A popular monarch will unite, inspire, encourage the people, raise the consciousness of a nation with
one powerful speech. A monarch can change destiny of a country with courageous ideas and actions.
To be a monarch is a blessing given only to few, the rest is up to one.
There must be precision of thought, and usually no regret, no going back.
It is an honor very few have or will have. The moral responsibility is too enormous to ponder.
Queen Elizabeth seems to live her fate and destiny with unusual wisdom, humanity and humility.
She is a blessing to her country, its people and a unique example of a monarch today.
Alinka 943
She is humble, because she understands she needs to please the masses.
The link to the interview doesn't work for me.
I wouldn't confuse a lack of swagger in the Queen's character with a sense of humility or being equal. The Queen stresses duty and has a keen sense of her obligations as Monarch. But I am certain she believes herself, in a meaningful way, to be a superior being.
She may oblige, but be in no doubt about her noblesse.
There is lots wrong with monarchism that has been disguised by the genuine success of Elizabeth II of Britain in that role.
To begin with in this day and what happens to the heir who would prefer to be an architect or kinder school teacher. QEII's father had to confront this issue when his brother Edward VII gave away the throne. In fact George VI was not, as depicted in "The King's Speech", particularly trained for the role. No one expected him to fulfil it.
That he brought it off in a heroic way is good luck rather than good management. The notion that some one is born into a job is repugnant to most of us most of the time.
Edward VIII not VII.
Thanks.
Agreed! Certainly what is over-looked by most of the intelligent monarchist arguments I read. Monarchism is credited with stability and many other things, but it has not always been so. UK history is nothing if not heavily blood-stained. I'm not saying that will happen again, but I hope to see the people of Britain wake up when confronted with Charles III, rather than someone with the undoubted poise and gravitas of Elizabeth II. In fact, as an ardent republican I would be only too happy to accept Elizabeth Windsor as head of state, if she would put herself up for election (which she would certainly win) to a ceremonial post similar to that of Ireland or Israel. I would probably even vote for her.
I read Stephen Morris' and Steven Spadijer's comments. They make so much sense. Meritocracy would seem to be a closer cousin to democracy than any "hereditary principle". Then I read Cloudwarrior. He makes so much sense too. His point on stability surely cannot be discounted. Then I wonder if it weren't the Queen but another person or personality - supposing a King, supposing Charles - would everyone's feeling on the subject of subjects be different? I am totally lost.
I settle for merely pointing out the Queen should wear safer shoes when she expects to be stepping on the tube. The gap between the train and the platform is too wide for even a 1-inch heel. And she is not young any more.
For the record, I am not opposed to constitutional monarchy of the Luxembourg or Liechtenstein variety i.e. activist Catholic monarchs who are defenders of the faith, can speak several languages and are well read in the classics (and write books on political philosophy!). What I oppose are monarch's who just wave their hand and are not guided by principle other than the mere desire to survive while dumbing down the masses - i.e. of the British kind (or the Spanish or Swedish kind). The reserve powers may well be delegated back to the people via direct democracy - so they have the power to veto laws.
I understand. Thanks for elaborating.
I think if you are talking about dumbing down, Fox News does a better job than any monarch we can name. And people watch it. That's why I am scared to death about the idea of "direct democracy". It is a beautiful idea, but ...
I disagree - given their unmitigated and relentless coverage of the Royal Wedding (thank god for Obama getting Bin Laden, which was indeed fair and balanced). They persist with the Jubilee too. The RW made the Brits feel as if they were part of anything, when in fact they are just poor and cannot speak English (well, I tend to find the Germans speak better English than the English lol).
As far as I can see, Uruguay, Liechtenstein and Switzerland are the most stable, prosperous nations in their region, free from dictatorships, nutters and madman which plagued representative government (Fox would have elevate Der Fuhrer). Massachusetts, Colorado, Washington state all seem to be doing fine even with Fox News - in a real direct democracy, however, you can regulate unlimited corporate finance. But the U.S. is not a democracy.
There is nothing to be terrified. Name me four initiatives which have ever harmed a specific minority group alone(economically, financially or physically), citing empirical data.
You got me! I can't name you any initiative, let alone empirical data! I am not a poli Sci person, nor even terribly politically minded. I study people. I get into their heads. I stay out when people's heads get together (what politics is). I read you guys to try to educate myself on a subject I am terribly ignorant about. You and some others write most intelligently, and so I follow your posts. I don't agree with you guys all the time, but I learn something each time I read.
I think Fox News stinks. Three exposures were enough. Never again.
I enjoy watching DWTV, a English language German Station in America. I agree, they speak good English. And they don't have junk like TV in America.
What can I tell you related to politics? I don't see what choice there is but give Obama another 4 years come November. Only a dumbed down nation can in all seriousness sit and listen to any of the GOP candidates. And you say there is nothing to be terrifie of. Are you American?
I also enjoy DWTV (actually, they ran a few shows on direct democracy - 7 German states now have it).
Are you American?
For better or worse, no. Although my monarchist friends tell me when they raised the issue of the Crown when they were in the US, they were told off and basically frowned upon because the concept is so alien to them.
America, I believe, would function so much better with a constitutional monarch, as Alexander Hamilton predicted.
Direct democracy and moi as monarch. Works well.
What does a monarch do in a direct democracy besides waving hands?
What does a monarch do in a direct democracy besides waving hands?
Good question.
If along the British model, just hand-waving. So nothing useful or meaningful.
In Liechtenstein, the Prince actively comments on policy; recommends to voters how they should actually vote (acting as a voting cue) and can veto laws (all at the consent of the people themselves, of course)
Article 13
Not less than 1,500 Liechtenstein citizens shall have the right to submit a reasoned motion of no-confidence against the Reigning Prince. Parliament shall issue a recommendation on such a motion at its next meeting and order a popular vote (article 66 paragraph 6). If the motion of no-confidence is adopted in the popular vote, it shall be communicated to the Reigning Prince for consideration according to the Law on the Princely House. Within six months, the Reigning Prince shall announce to Parliament the decision made in accordance with the Law on the Princely House
Art 64
1) The right of initiative with regard to legislation, i.e., the right of introducing bills, shall appertain to:
a) the Reigning Prince, in the form of Government proposals; b) Parliament itself; c) Liechtenstein citizens eligible to vote, under the conditions set forth in the following provisions
Article 122
1) The present Constitutional deed shall be universally binding after its promulgation as the fundamental law of the country
2) Amendments to or universally binding interpretations of this fundamental law may be proposed either by the Government or by Parliament or by way of an initiative (article 64). They shall require unanimity of the Members of Parliament present or a majority of three quarters of the Members present at two consecutive meetings of Parliament voting in favour, a popular vote if called for (article 66), and in any event the subsequent assent of the Reigning Prince, with the exception of the procedure to abolish the monarchy (article 113)
[See also Art 66 and 113 - on initiative and referenda on legislation or constitutional amendments]
[See also Art 80 where The Prince can issue a motion of no confidence in the Government]
http://www.llv.li/verfassung-e-01-02-09.doc.
See also:
http://www.royaltyinthenews.com/2011/09/11/liechtenstein-prince-threaten...
http://www.turtlebayandbeyond.org/2011/turtle-bay-un/the-prince-of-liech...
http://www.romereports.com/palio/the-crown-and-the-cross-royal-families-...
I am almost sorry I asked - Just kidding!!
Thanks!
I got the Constitution part: Article 122 (1) The present Constitutional deed shall be universally binding after its promulgation as the fundamental law of the country.
Someone or some body still has to read and interpret the Constitutional deed, wouldn't that be true? Who/which would that be?*
* I am assuming no document could be written so well that in the case of a "right" spelled out in the Constitution the contour and extent of its penumbre appear with laser-sharp precision. We know words do not accomplish that kind of precision. Nor the human brain. There is also the dimension of change over time in the way people think and therefore the way they read and interpret the words in the Constitution. What then? You say the (best) solution is "direct democracy" - Let the people vote. That's fine. What if the people all watch Fox News?
We have this thing called federalism. Just vote with your feet. Try Massachusetts, Colorado, Washington state for starters :)
Although while some % of the population watches it, I'm sure this is dispersed throughout the country so it probably a very small percentage and Fox does not put initiatives on the ballot - I doubt they even cover most of them.
It might be worth adding that Democracy and constitutional monarchy are not incompatible.
It is conceivable that - if ever the People of Britain were free to choose the form of government they prefer for their country – they might choose to retain an hereditary ceremonial head of state. Who’s to dictate that they must not.
Democracy and humility have a lot in common. The foundation of Democracy is the humble recognition that one’s own preferences are not divinely ordained to be superior to those of other people.
What is incompatible with Democracy is paternalistic anti-democratic republicanism (of the type I suspect our Bagehot supports) which denies the People the freedom to choose the form of government they prefer for their country.
Bagehot - sound breaks up towards the end, starting around 10:35. Spoiled an otherwise enjoyable interview.
Excellent. I hope to listen on a pod cast because I drive too much, but if it doesn't show up I'll come back and listen here.
Being a former republican, I have come to love and understand better the system that I currently live under.
While many people have valid arguments against a constitutional monarchy, they tend to ignore the fact that there are valid arguments against every single governmental system in the world.
There is no such thing as a perfect government but stability would have to rank as one of the highest desires for any person. And don't confuse stability for a lack of change. The Commonwealth Realms have changed markedly since the Queen ascended the throne.
Considering the US is estimated to spend US$6 billion this year on elections, I would have to say that the Queen has come in at a bargain - and with 60 years experience under her belt she won't be keeping her eye on a reelection in only 4 years time.
Long may she reign over us!
Yes, Austria, Switzerland, Ireland, Singapore, Iceland, Finland - those countries so spend 6 billion dollars each year on elections. The US is exceptional - it is unique. No one in Australia is talking about the US as a model.
And don't forget darling Charles.
Steven,
As per usual you try to put words in my mouth - I really wish you would stop doing that!
I did not say any country other than the US will spend US$6 billion dollars this year on elections. I definitely didn't say EVERY YEAR.
Please read my posts more carefully mate.
Other than Singapore (which isn't a democracy and shouldn't be included with those countries listed) there is nothing wrong with the systems in operation by Austria, Switzerland, Ireland, Iceland or Finland.
But why are their systems superior to ours? Other than Iceland having the world's first gay head of government, what makes their systems superior, better or a viable alternative to ours?
Are Austria, Switzerland, Ireland, Iceland or Finland really that much more stable, richer, better governed or prosperous than ours? And is it because their head of state is elected or because of other factors?
What I note with interest (again excluding Singapore) is that the countries you listed are the highest ranking non-monarchial democracies ranked by the Democracy Index and round out the top 13. What is even more interesting is that 8 of those 13 are constitutional monarchies and Queen Elizabeth rules over 3 of them (positions 5, 6 and 8).
Republican Iceland is pipped at the post by monarchial Norway and Switzerland comes in 7th after 5 monarchies including our beloved Australia and New Zealand. Singapore comes in at 81, hence my comment above.
I know you find this ranking laughable, but that is the point isn't it. Democracy's effectiveness is partly subjective and partly objective. You have talked ad nauseam about Switzerland and Bavaria's version of democracy, and yet are these places really nirvana and heaven on earth? No. As an example, the paragon of democracy that you mentioned - Lichtenstein, only gave women the vote in 1984 but at least that was better than Appenzell Innerrhoden in Switzerland that only gave it when forced to in 1990 (a full 19 years after it was given at the federal level in Switzerland) - these are hardly selling points for these systems.
And that is the problem when you look at only one small part of the equation and not the whole system. The Swiss, Bavarians, Austrians, Icelanders, Irish and Finish system works for them. While their systems may be superior in some regards, it could be viewed as inferior in others. That makes them neither better or worse, just different.
if you think that living under their system would be better, then I suggest you vote with your feet and do so, because to the eternal confusion of most republicans in Australia and the UK, the vast majority don't want to change the system. And that is what is great about or version of democracy, it is our right to not change it - no matter how much people like you tell us the system is faulty.
Change for change's does not mean such change will be good. Our system works well, better than hundreds of other systems (most of them republics).
Cloudwarrior,
I wasn’t putting words in your mouth – anyone can read your comment and my comment and make their own determination. You start off with the premise you were a Republican (in the Australian sense), then you finish telling us how much the U.S. spends. Read in the context of support for a directly-elected Head of State (the most popular model in Oz judging by the poll), one cannot help but conclude you might be implying that we would start looking like the US if we had a President elected by the people! Perhaps I read your posts a bit too carefully indeed!
The party in Singapore is doing a good job economically and has the assent of a large portion of the population (as judged by the polls, even from independent sources) – it is, after all, the third wealthiest country per capita in the world.
The Swiss system is superior because the Swiss people have been free to choose which system of government they want for their country – and been able to enforce a federal impact (two features, in my view, which render the monarchy – or cult of personality more generally – obsolete in the long run). I like the Presidential referendum veto in Iceland; I like the meritocratic flavour of the other systems whilst retaining a non-executive Head of State.
None of the countries you listed are Democracies (see Stephen Morris on the word play of “representative government” and democracy). The people have never been allowed to choose which system of government they want for their country. Bavaria and Switzerland, despite having no natural resources, are one of the most prosperous parts of Europe.
You raise women right to vote: in Liechtenstein women voted NO in 1968 in referendum to give themselves a right to vote. There was no demand for it. Everything was done in local town meetings. The women would instruct their husbands, fathers or brothers how to vote – which in many ways there is more control in that system than system of representative government - you cannot instruct your local MP to vote in a way you can your husband, father or brother! There was simply no demand for it. In Arizona and Oregon, which do have direct democracy, women got the vote in 1912. It was a question of demand. The women were happy being a part of a family who consulted, debated and then voted on matters in the open air.
It may be better or worse, but the people will judge that at a referendum. “The vast majority don't want to change the system. And that is what is great about or version of democracy” – I did not know who you could speak for 19 million voters and yes, I will be voting with my feet right after I finish my degree here
Yes, republics in Africa. Last time I checked Lesotho had the lowest life expectancy in the world.
"What I note with interest (again excluding Singapore) is that the countries you listed are the highest ranking non-monarchial democracies ranked by the Democracy Index and round out the top 13. What is even more interesting is that 8 of those 13 are constitutional monarchies and Queen Elizabeth rules over 3 of them (positions 5, 6 and 8). "
It is good government that causes the continuation of monarchy, not the other way around.
The remaining monarchies in the world tend to be stable and well-governed, for the simple reason that very few countries become monarchies after a major revolution. Spain and Cambodia are the exceptions, and they would not rank very highly on measures of good government.
If you choose a sample of countries which have never experienced a violent revolution, and compare to a sample of countries which have experienced revolutions, the first group will be better-governed. But that's not because of the head of state. It's because the citizens didn't need to revolt.
Think of a selection process where all countries start with a king, but where the king gets thrown out if the government becomes very bad. If the government never becomes that bad, it's likely that (a) the king's descendants are still in power and (b) a persistent history of good government has created a good set of democratic institutions.
In addition, since "republics on average" include tinpot dictatorships and ex-Communist states, of course "republics on average" appear less stable. However, countries that more-or-less peacefully lose their kingdoms, like Italy or Ireland, don't enter that kind of third-world spiral of poor government. Neither would Australia or the UK.
Precisely because the Queen cannot claim to hold her position through some meritocratic scramble, she is humble, and not swaggering, she...[spends time meeting] charity workers, public servants and business people who he thinks are rather despised by the London power elite
Another way of looking at this is to argue the reverse: it is precisely because the Queen meets these people that she is nothing more than a hand-waving glove puppet designed to dumb down the masses with awe and grovelling (and other such spectacles), while the power elite screw them over. In short, she legitimizes the "adverse selection" Stephen Morris alludes to. As Bagehot observed:
...constitutional royalty has the function which I insisted on at length in my last essay, and which, though it is by far the greatest, I need not now enlarge upon again. It acts as a DISGUISE. It enables our real rulers to change without heedless people knowing it. The masses of Englishmen are not fit for an elective government; if they knew how near they were to it, they would be surprised, and almost tremble
Mussolini cheerfully operated under a constitutional monarch; most of the Axis powers were monarchies (Thailand, Japan, Hungary); monarchy was the preferred system government of Franco to replace him after his death; Hitler thought of himself as a descendant of German royalty; and all of us in Westminster regimes have an "elected dictatorship". More recently, the various royal families of Europe failed to stand up to their elected dictator and demand a referendum on the EU and indeed Otto Von Hapsburg urged the people of Europe into the folly!!!!
By contrast, in Bavaria and Switzerland, thanks to their system of direct democracy, the people are The Sovereign. They wear the Crown. Even in Liechtenstein, where they have a quasi-activist constitutional monarch, the people can issue a no motion of confidence in the Prince and sack him at their own whim!
Ultimately, The Economist is no longer a magazine about Democracy, or classical liberalism. It is now a monarchist, fascist outlet (laughably, 6 other monarchies are more "democratic" than Switzerland in their "Democracy" Index!)
To me what is extraordinary, and extremely valuable, is that we have convinced a family to fulfil the roll of being royal. Imagine trying to get one of Britain's richest families to take up the position today, you'd offer them plenty of fine houses and the chance to be made a fuss of a few times a year, but in return you'd have to inform them that they would give up most of their privacy, be subject to constant media scrutiny and of course vainly attempt to live up to unrealistic expectations of upstandingness and general dogooddery. I can't imagine anyone jumping at that offer. I certainly wouldn't, but such is the power of tradition that these masochists seem to do it with pleasure. The alternative would be to pick from one of the systems of France, Germany or the US, not a happy prospect to my mind (I don't wish this last comment to sound xenophobic, I'll gladly explain my reasons for disliking these other systems if asked.)
The alternative would be to pick from one of the systems of France, Germany or the US.
With due respect, you listed executive, not non-executive regimes. You forget to mention Austria, Singapore, Finland, Iceland, Switzerland or Ireland...Of those, all are wealthier in per capita terms than the UK and none of them have any natural resources whatsoever (like Norway) or being tax havens Luxembourg, Monaco, Liechtenstein). Indeed, so are Germany and the US!
Precisely because the Queen cannot claim to hold her position through some meritocratic scramble, she is humble, and not swaggering, he suggests.
This humility is the precise opposite of the “adverse selection” of self-serving megalomaniacs that arises under the system of franchised monopoly government. The phenomenon is described by Nobel laureate James Buchanan thus:
[S]uppose that a monopoly right is to be auctioned; whom will we predict to be the highest bidder? Surely we can presume that the person who intends to exploit the monopoly power most fully, the one for whom the expected profit is highest, will be among the highest bidders for the franchise. In the same way, positions of political power will tend to attract those persons who place higher values on the possession of such power. These persons will tend to be the highest bidders in the allocation of political offices. . . . Is there any presumption that political rent seeking will ultimately allocate offices to the 'best' persons? Is there not the overwhelming presumption that offices will be secured by those who value power most highly and who seek to use such power of discretion in the furtherance of their personal projects, be these moral or otherwise? Genuine public-interest motivations may exist and may even be widespread, but are these motivations sufficiently passionate to stimulate people to fight for political office, to compete with those whose passions include the desire to wield power over others?
Apart from the “lottery of birth”, the other recognised way of avoiding such adverse selection is through Democracy, and in this regard it is worth noting that Buchanan himself concluded:
In sum, the effects of direct democracy add-ons to existing decision rules surely work toward reducing the range and scope for politicization, a result supported by classical liberals.
The Economist routinely pats itself on the back for its supposed “classical liberalism”. And yet, under its current editorship, no journalist is allowed to express any support for Democracy. Indeed, on the contrary, The Economist (under its current editorship) has maintained a virulent campaign against Democracy!
This just goes to illustrate how fatuous such self-serving labels are.